Clinical pathway

Copying from the board

The student falls behind copying from the board, loses their place, or copies with errors that do not appear in near work.

Step 1

Occupational performance problem

The student falls behind copying from the board, loses their place, or copies with errors that do not appear in near work.

Step 2

Clinical reasoning

  • Copying is a near-far shifting task layered on top of memory and motor output — name which part is failing.
  • Compare board copying with copying from a page at the desk. If desk copying is clean, the shift is the cost.
  • Count how many characters the student holds per look-up; a very small chunk suggests visual memory load.

Step 3

Likely limiting level

  • Level 2: Visual Efficiency

    Accommodative and vergence shifting between distances.

  • Level 3: Visual Processing

    Visual memory span determines chunk size per glance.

  • Level 1: Visual Access

    Distance acuity or board contrast may simply be insufficient.

Step 4

Intervention options

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Step 5

Movement-based options

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Step 6

Teacher strategies

  • Provide a desk copy; reserve board copying for practice, not for content delivery.
  • Photograph the board and share it, or leave the board up longer.
  • Seat the student where the viewing angle and glare are best, and check it at different times of day.

Step 7

Parent carryover

  • Near-far games at home — read a word close, then find it across the room.
  • Ask the child what the board looks like; their description is clinical data.

Step 8

Progress monitoring

  • Characters copied accurately per minute from distance.
  • Number of look-ups needed per line.

Step 9

Reassessment

Re-screen the limiting level after 6–8 weeks of consistent intervention. If the occupational problem has not changed while the contributing level has, look upstream for a different limiting factor. If neither has changed, or symptoms are worsening, refer out rather than continuing to treat.